Perfect State Transfer in Laplacian Quantum Walk

For a graph $G$ and a related symmetric matrix $M$, the continuous-time quantum walk on $G$ relative to $M$ is defined as the unitary matrix $U(t) = \exp(-itM)$, where $t$ varies over the reals. Perfect state transfer occurs between vertices $u$ and $v$ at time $\tau$ if the $(u,v)$-entry of $U(\tau)$ has unit magnitude. This paper studies quantum walks relative to graph Laplacians. Some main observations include the following closure properties for perfect state transfer: (1) If a $n$-vertex graph has perfect state transfer at time $\tau$ relative to the Laplacian, then so does its complement if $n\tau$ is an integer multiple of $2\pi$. As a corollary, the double cone over any $m$-vertex graph has perfect state transfer relative to the Laplacian if and only if $m \equiv 2 \pmod{4}$. This was previously known for a double cone over a clique (S. Bose, A. Casaccino, S. Mancini, S. Severini, Int. J. Quant. Inf., 7:11, 2009). (2) If a graph $G$ has perfect state transfer at time $\tau$ relative to the normalized Laplacian, then so does the weak product $G \times H$ if for any normalized Laplacian eigenvalues $\lambda$ of $G$ and $\mu$ of $H$, we have $\mu(\lambda-1)\tau$ is an integer multiple of $2\pi$. As a corollary, a weak product of $P_{3}$ with an even clique or an odd cube has perfect state transfer relative to the normalized Laplacian. It was known earlier that a weak product of a circulant with odd integer eigenvalues and an even cube or a Cartesian power of $P_{3}$ has perfect state transfer relative to the adjacency matrix. As for negative results, no path with four vertices or more has antipodal perfect state transfer relative to the normalized Laplacian. This almost matches the state of affairs under the adjacency matrix (C. Godsil, Discrete Math., 312:1, 2011).Comment: 26 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl

Uso del video como metodología de aula invertida en asignaturas de experimentación animal [Using the video as flipped classroom methodology in experimental animal subjects ]

El objetivo de este estudio fue i) Evaluar el aprendizaje de los alumnos comparando las metodologías docentes, presencial y online ii) Evaluar si el alumno ha visualizado y estudiado el contenido de los videos alcanzando unos resultados de aprendizaje adecuados con la metodología de aula invertida y iii) Valorar el grado de aceptación de los materiales docentes utilizados en las prácticas por los alumnos. El nivel de conocimiento alcanzado por los alumnos con las metodologías docentes utilizadas, presencial y on line, ha sido alto y similar. Sin embargo, si se observaron diferencias en la pegunta del cuestionario donde el alumno tenía que realizar medidas y hacer cálculos, siendo más alta en presencial (8,7) que online (4,3). Las calificaciones obtenidas por los alumnos fueron altas al utilizar los videos como metodología de aula invertida. Las actividades de evaluación de tipo JCloze, fué valorada positivamente por los alumnos y se puede considerar una herramienta útil para implicar y motivar al alumno en su proceso de aprendizaje. Los alumnos, a través de las encuestas realizadas, han valorado positivamente tanto las prácticas presenciales como las realizadas a través de los videos. [The target of this study was to i) evaluate students learning by comparing classroom and online teaching methodologies. ii) Evaluate if students have visualized and studied the contents of the videos, achieving adequate learning results with the flipped classroom methodology and iii) Rate the degree of acceptance of teaching materials used in the practices by students. The level of knowledge reached by students with the teaching methodologies used, both classroom and online, has been high and similar. However, there were differences in the question where the student had to perform measurements and make calculations, being higher in face-to-face (8.7) than online (4.3). The scores obtained by the students were high when using the videos as an inverted classroom methodology. Evaluation activities of the JCloze type were positively valued by the students and can be considered a useful tool to involve and motivate the student in their learning process. The students, through the surveys, have positively valued both the face-to-face and video-based practices.

Clinical characteristics and patient-reported outcomes in patients with inadequately controlled rheumatoid arthritis despite ongoing treatment

Background Despite the wide array of treatments available for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), some patients continue to report unmet clinical needs. We investigated the extent of inadequate disease control in patients with RA. Methods Data were drawn from the Adelphi 2014 RA Disease-Specific Program in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK. Rheumatologists provided patient demographics, comorbidities, satisfaction with RA control and other clinical details. Patients reported their level of satisfaction and completed the EuroQoL 5-Dimensions Health Questionnaire and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire. Patients had been on their current therapy 653 months and had 28-joint disease activity scores (DAS28) reported. Adequately controlled (DAS28 643.2) and inadequately controlled (DAS28 >3.2) patient cohorts were compared using univariate tests. Results Of 1147 patients, 74% were women, the mean age was 52 years and the mean time since RA diagnosis was 7 years. Twenty-seven percent of patients had inadequately controlled RA, whereas 73% had adequately controlled RA. Inadequately controlled patients were more affected clinically versus adequately controlled patients; 69% vs 13% had moderate/severe RA, the current level of pain was 4.6 vs 2.3, and 67% vs 41% experienced flares, respectively (all p<0.0001). Inadequately controlled patients had higher rates of depression (16% vs 5%; p<0.0001), worse health state, greater work and activity impairment, and lower satisfaction rates among the patients and their physicians than the adequately controlled cohort. Conclusion RA was insufficiently controlled in over a quarter of patients despite their current therapy and this had a negative impact on the patients

Factors influencing the use of biologic therapy and adoption of treat-to-target recommendations in current european rheumatology practice

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify factors that influence treatment adjustments and adoption of a treat-to-target (T2T) strategy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in European practices. Methods: Cross-sectional data were drawn from the Adelphi 2014 RA Disease Specific Programme. Treatment patterns and clinical characteristics were investigated in patients treated with biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) vs non-bDMARDs. For the T2T analysis, patients were subdivided into two subsets (RA diagnosis <2 or 652 years) and compared according to the approach used (no target = no T2T approach; pragmatic = target different from remission; and aspirational = target set as remission). Results: Data from 2,536 patients were analyzed (mean age: 52.76 years and mean time since RA diagnosis: 6.05 years). Of the 1,438 patients eligible to receive bDMARDs, 55% did not receive them. Initiation of bDMARDs in a bDMARD-na\uefve patient was prompted by worsening of the disease. In the RA diagnosis <2 years subset, a T2T approach was not adopted in 58% of the patients, whereas 8% and 34% adopted a pragmatic and aspirational approach, respectively. In the RA diagnosis 652 years subset, 45%, 19%, and 36% of the patients adopted a no target, pragmatic, and aspirational approach, respectively. Physician satisfaction with RA control was lower in the RA diagnosis <2 years subset than in the RA diagnosis 652 years subset (65% vs 77% satisfied, respectively; P<0.0001). Conclusion: This analysis shows that the use of bDMARDs remains suboptimal and that a T2T strategy is not universally adopted

Antipsychotic drug use and community-acquired pneumonia

Antipsychotics are generally distinguished as atypical and typical agents, which are indicated in the treatment of acute and chronic psychoses and other psy

Efectos de la relación gramíneas-leguminosas sobre la degradabilidad ruminal de las materias nitrogenadas de henos de praderas temporales

Sobre 4 corderos adultos fistulizados en rumen se ha estudiado, mediante métodos in sacco, la variación de la degradabilidad ruminal de la proteína bruta entre 6 henos obtenidos de 2 cortes (2 o y 4o) de 3 praderas polifitas temporales con una relación gramíneas: leguminosas decreciente. El nitrógeno total de los henos se fraccionó, a partir de sus cinéticas de degradación, en sus componentes soluble, potencialmente degradable por los microorganismos e indegradable en el rumen, determinándose, así mismo, la duración del tiempo de latencia previo al inicio de la degradación de la segunda fracción indicada y la velocidad de degradación de ésta. La variación observada en estos parámetros se discutió en base a la composición botánica y química de los henos. Los valores medios de degradabilidad de la proteína bruta aumentaron (P 0,05) del 60, 9 al 71, 6% con la proporción de leguminosas en la pradera, aumentando, así mismo, aparentemente del 65,1 al 68,2% entre el 2o y 4o corte. Los factores que ejercieron un mayor efecto sobre estos incrementos fueron: el aumento del contenido en materias nitrogenadas solubles del heno, la reducción del tiempo de lactancia y la elevación de las velocidades de degradación

Degradación ruminal de la proteína de diferentes henos de alfalfa

Se ha estudiado la degradación ruminal de la proteína de 7 henos de alfalfa mediante la técnica de bolsas de nylon. Dichos henos diferían según su procedencia y estado de desarrollo al momento de la siega, en su composición químicabromatológica.En el caso de henos de alfalfa en implantación o en estado vegetativo, la degradabilidad potencial es muy elevada (91 %). Por el contrario, para henos de alfalfa segados en un estado de desarrollo más avanzado, presenta un valor más pequeño (80 %) y tiende a mantenerse constante (78- 83 %) en un amplio intervalo de momentos de corte

Dégradabilité comparée dans le rumen des différentes fractions azotées des feuilles et des tiges du foin de luzerne

International audienc